公安消防部队心理咨访关系现状分析

公安消防部队心理咨访关系已初步呈现良好的发展态势,但还存在着咨访关系的＂上下级模式＂倾向、＂医患模式＂倾向、＂你好-再见效应＂倾向、＂多重角色＂倾向等。造成这些问题的原因是思想认识存在偏差、专业人才队伍的匮乏、机构体制方面的问题以及职业特点的影响。     

主体间性视野下的师幼关系及实践策略

本文运用主体间性的教育哲学理论,通过对当前我国幼儿园师幼交往关系中教师与幼儿主体地位缺失的分析,以建立平等对话交流的师幼主体间性关系为目标,提出转变教育理念、加强幼儿教师的素质培养、开展差异性教学、给予幼儿更多理解和宽容的实践策略。     

军人心理训练的实证研究及其思考

军人心理训练,作为一种将心理训练与战斗力相结合的新型训练模式,是军人提升心理能力、培育素质素养的重要途径。通过概述军人心理训练的内涵和方法,梳理实证研究的研究现状,为拓展军人心理训练领域研究、深化训练应用实效提出思考。     

消防官兵训练倦怠影响因素及应对策略

诸多因素的影响使消防官兵产生了不同程度的训练倦怠现象,分析认为人格、自我效能感、价值取向、归因风格是影响消防官兵训练倦怠的内部因素,社会环境、组训干部能力素质、激励机制是影响消防官兵训练倦怠的外部因素。提出消防官兵训练倦怠心理干预必须要塑造健全人格,建立适当的归因方式,树立正确的价值取向,培养良好的自我效能感,构建公平公正的训练激励机制。     

高原卫士奉献精神的哲学反思

立足推进人类社会精神文明建设和加强部队思想建设,把高原卫士作为认识对象,运用马克思认识论和实践观,分析高原卫士在特殊环境里所具备的那种高尚品格和生命价值观。在阐述高原卫士奉献精神本质、内涵,及其实践效果的基础上,追问奉献精神产生的双重根源,指出:高原卫士可贵之处是奉献,人类文明需要可贵的奉献精神。     

Africa's toy soldiers,non-state armed groups,and ‘voluntary’ recruitment

Armed conflict on the African continent has witnessed increasing recruitment of child soldiers, often at the hands of non-state armed groups. Unfortunately this practice continues unabated in the face of legal obligations prohibiting the recruitment of child soldiers under international humanitarian law, and international and regional human rights law. While international condemnation of the practice has led to attempts to increase the minimum age for recruitment to 18, a disjuncture persists between the legal obligations states sign up to, and the actual enforcement of these prohibitions at a domestic level.

International criminal law jurisprudence emanating from the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court is being monitored closely, as these courts seek to enforce the prohibition in all armed conflicts, and against both state actors and non-state armed groups. International humanitarian law only protects child soldiers who have been unlawfully recruited. In this piece, the authors take a closer look at what amounts to unlawful recruitment in light of customary international humanitarian law, since this body of law also binds non-state actors, even without further criminalising legislation at a domestic level. Moreover, the article briefly explores whether a child can ever void this protected status by volunteering to participate directly in hostilities.     

论传统军事法律文化在培育当代军人法治理念中的实践价值

中国传统军事法律文化是在数千年军事法律实践中形成的,其独特的法律品格对培育古代军人“以礼治军”的宗法理念、维护军队的统一稳定起到了重要作用。年轻军人法律信仰和服从意识的缺失是值得重视和深思的问题。因此,用优秀传统军事法律文化培育当代军人法律信仰、强化当代军人国防意识、增强当代军人自律素质,都具有十分重要的实践价值。     

Soldiers as victims: behind military barracks in the post-colonial African army

This paper examines the ways in which the military infringes on the social and political rights of soldiers who joined the Zimbabwe National Army in post-independence Zimbabwe. Contrary to the scholarly and policy debates that present Zimbabwean soldiers as the silent prop behind President Robert Mugabe and the perpetrators of political violence, this paper argues that these soldiers have also been victimised in army barracks. The victimhood of soldiers has been explicit in the ways in which they are forced to execute their duties beyond their professional expectations. In substantiating this argument, the paper explores the unethical military training and the ways in which soldiers are disciplined and punished through Chapter 11:02 of the draconian Defence Act. The paper’s contribution stems from a ‘rights’ perspective that emphasises the right to freedom, justice and protection, which is usually quite silent in the military. But the question is how can soldiers’ concerns be translated into new practices without compromising so-called ‘state security’?     

When the military become a security and political threat: Zimbabwean army generals in electoral politics

The military poses an ongoing threat to modern democratic rule in some African countries, especially in the Zimbabwean context. This paper reveals the ways in which Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) generals have played a political role in the Zimbabwean elections, an issue which is both a political threat and a security threat to the state. It is argued that the ways in which ZNA generals engage in the political process goes against Section 208(2) of the constitution of Zimbabwe, which summarily states that the military must be apolitical. In substantiating this argument, the paper presents and analyses various public speeches made by army generals. It is contended that the army generals’ support of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and President Robert Mugabe has to be understood as a ‘mutual accommodation’, i.e. the generals are offered privileges in return for the political protection of the ruling regime which negatively impacts the security of the vote.     

Police Corruption: Towards a Working Definition

According to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) publication Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, all civilians (including child soldiers) lose their immunity from direct targeting ‘for so long as’ their actions amount to direct participation in hostilities. All civilians can, however, access the revolving door of protection and return to their civilian activities – complete with full immunity from direct targeting – provided the nature of their direct participation was spontaneous and disorganised. Once it can be ascertained that their participation in hostilities amounts to continuous combative functions, they relinquish their access to the revolving door of protection, and can be targeted at all times until they abandon their formal or functional membership of the belligerent group. This piece analyses how the revolving door phenomenon and the notion of continuous combative functions apply in instances where civilian child soldiers are directly participating in hostilities.